【雅思阅读教你一目十行】
“换句话说、也就是说”意味着后面的内容与前面一致或是对前面的解释,因此只用看前面的内容即可。
常见的表达有:that is(to say),i.e.,namely,put another way,in other words等。如:
“The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself,but to ensure that such a system is provided.Put another way,basic health-care is now recognized as a‘public good’,rather than a‘private good’that one is expected to buy for oneself.”
(剑桥雅思真题4,Test 4,Reading Passage 3)略掉“Put another way”后面的内容,只看前面。
为了论证观点,文章中经常会大量出现各式各样的论据,但它们并不是文章的重点。故概览文章时,论据可以先忽略不看。而常见的“论据”形式有:
?含“举例”的句子:for example/instance,e.g.,such as,like等;
?含“数据”的句子:百分比(%,percentage),描述统计结果的数字;
?引用名人/言论(直接/间接引语)的句子:特别是“引号(‘’)”中的内容;
?以some,a few,others等表达“某些”的单词为开头的句子。
?冒号(“:”)/一个破折号(“-”),引出解释,看前面。如:
“冒号”:
“In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible:that‘an organism is unable to return,even partially,to a previous stage already realized in the ranks of its ancestors’.”
(剑桥雅思真题10,Test 4,Reading Passage 3)
“一个破折号”:
“...plyometrics focuses on increasing power–the rate at which an athlete can expend energy.”
(剑桥雅思真题4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)
?两个破折号/括号:信息插入或解释,不用看。如:
“两个破折号”:
“For the so-called power events–that require a relatively brief,explosive release of energy,like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump–times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent.”
(剑桥雅思真题4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)
“括号”:
“This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own image(a later development).”
(剑桥雅思真题9,Test 4,Reading Passage 2)
看到这里,烤鸭们是否有点感觉了呢?现在,我们就以一个完整的段落,来演示一下这些信号词是如何帮助大家节省阅读时间的吧:
(剑桥雅思真题4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1):
Since the early years of the twentieth century,when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects,themselves included,through space.For the so-called power events-that require a relatively brief,explosive release of energy,like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump-times and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent(数据).In the endurance events(具体到某类运动,类似“某些”的用法)the results have been more dramatic.At the 1908 Olympics.John Hayes of the U.S.team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18(数据).In 1999,Morocco's Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42(数据),almost thirty per cent(数据)faster.(虽然段落原本有点长,但借助各类小信号,我们能地把文段删减半,终只剩下句话,那么自然,阅览的时间也就跟着缩了半。)
有了这些信号,我们就能更地掌握各段落大意,了解文章结构,不仅读文章快了,找答案时也能更有目的性,能避免在与题目不相干的段落里浪费时间,答题准确率自然也会有所提升。那么,这些信号,今天你掌握了吗?
(P.S.“信号”虽然能很大程度上协助阅读,但语言本身是灵活的,任何“信号”都只是一个参考方向,并非时刻。重要的,还是要大家多练多积累,提升自身综合理解能力。)
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